Government-Subsidized Food - 1201 Words

Government-subsidized food is a growing epidemic in this country. According to Adam Drewnoski, an obesity researcher at University of Washington, â€Å"A dollar could buy 1,200 calories of cookies or potato chips but only 250 calories of carrots. Also, he discovered that a dollar bought 875 calories of soda but only 170 calories of orange juice† (Pollan 1). This statistic proves that the emergence of unhealthy food and growing obesity numbers are directly correlated to the increasing government-subsidized food that is being thrust upon American children. One study found out that, â€Å"about 98% of all televised food ads seen by children are for foods high in sugar, fat, or sodium, and that one thirty-second commercial can influence the brand†¦show more content†¦Unfortunately, schools, or the institutions that are predicated on the principle of telling â€Å"right from wrong† are the same ones that encourage the consumption of unhealthy and potentially lethal foods. Therefore, government-subsidized foods are bad for school lunches because they do not provide enough nourishment to their consumers, and promote food and beverages that are high in high fructose corn syrup. Government-subsidized food is bad for school lunches because it promotes bad food and ignores healthy food. School lunches do not provide well-balanced meals, instead serving up high calorie and fat foods to entice students to buy them. One study found that, â€Å"In USDA school lunches, fresh fruits and vegetables were offered daily at half of schools† (Finkelstein 6). But if these schools are serving fruits and veggies, how are they still encouraging childhood obesity? There are many answers, but the two most common are a la carte cafeterias and vending machines. According to Finkelstein, â€Å"A la carte items were sold in 71% of elementary schools, 92% of middle schools, and 93% of high schools† (Finkelstein 1). Giving students the opportunity to pick wh at they want to eat, according to sources, is a disastrous idea. A study directed by Martha Y. Kubik found that, â€Å"On average, students from schools without a la carte programs consumed more servings of fruit per day than studentsShow MoreRelatedStrengths and Weaknesses of Using Food Subsidies in Improving the Welfare of the Poor in Middle Eastern Economies1535 Words   |  6 Pagesproblem facing policy makers is the choice of options means of improving the short run welfare of poor households in the population. Among these, policy alternative is a choice between food subsidies and agricultural production subsidies. Food subsidies involving either the sale of stable food items at subsidized prices, or income transfers, expected to improve the welfare of recipient households in the short run directly. On the other hand, agricultural production subsidies and other agriculturalRead MoreThe Benefits Of The Agricultural Industry1340 Words   |  6 PagesIt provides a consistent fo od supply to many countries around the world, not to mention the United Sates. It stimulates and stabilizes the economy, all while bringing in billions of dollars every year. While these things are very beneficial to this country, the agricultural industry also depends, at least in part, on funding from the government through agricultural subsidies. The Free Dictionary (2003) defines agricultural subsidies as â€Å"Payments by the federal government to producers of agriculturalRead MoreThe Paradigm Shift in Consumption1861 Words   |  7 PagesConsumption: The New Food Equation Consumer behaviors are constantly changing, as can be seen with the recent trends of obesity in the global north and hunger and malnutrition in the global south. 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The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1938 mandated the government to pay grant subsidies for corn, wheat and cotton, to maintain adequate supplies of these staple goods during low production times (Orden Zulauf, 2015). The farm bill is revisited every five years, encompassing farm commodity prices and programs, income, farm creditRead MoreThe Is Not Like The Fast Food Workers1383 Words   |  6 PagesLook at all the people in this world, you have doctors, lawyers, construction workers, fast food workers, and a multitude of other professions. What do all of these professions have in common? All the people that work in these fields, want to go to college. Some are successful like doctors, but some are not like the fast food workers. This brings up a question, what prohibits these people from not going to the college of their choosing? There are two answers to this question, the first is, the individualRead MorePoverty And The Hunger Of Venezuela915 Words   |  4 Pagesdisturbing evidence of chronic malnutrition. The government s decision to hide the real situation by refusing to publish statistics per- continents will make the crisis much more difficult to handle. In the second half of 2013, according to the INE, 22.3 % of Venezuelans lived in poverty, and other 9.8 in extreme poverty. While there have been no published figures for 2014 Vice President Jorge Arreaza announced at the annual conference of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) that extr eme povertyRead MoreFood Inc. Summary Essay735 Words   |  3 PagesFood Inc. opens in an American supermarket and draws attention to the unnatural nature of year-round tomatoes and boneless meat. It pulls aside the curtain that is concealing the truth about food from the consumer. After the brief intro, the movie shifts its focus to the topic of fast food and its impact on the meat industries. Fast food virtually started with McDonald’s. When they decided to simplify their menu and hire employees that repeated one task over and over for minimum wage, the result

Group and Organizational Behavior Reaction Paper - 1885 Words

Group and Organizational Behavior Reaction Paper In this paper I will be highlighting five topics that were covered in the Group and Organizational Behavior class. The concept of Group and Organizational Behavior is defined as the study and application of knowledge about how people, individuals and groups act in organizations. First I will be discussing group vs. individual decision making and the results from the Desert Survival situation in week one. I will then describe the concept of Group Interaction Roles and compare my findings with the Desert Survival situation. Third I will discuss the concept of a Group Maintenance Role with class room examples. Next I will move to my personal findings in the Personality System Analysis†¦show more content†¦Participants can represent one or more roles at any one time and are not bound by any one role. Group task roles are present when the goal is to select, define or solve problems. These roles can be broken down in to 12 different personalities. • Initiator-Contributor Ââ€" this person is most likely to suggest new ideas to the group. Or to get ideas flowing from other members. • Information Seeker Ââ€" will want to seek out more detail on ideas that are presented. • Opinion Seeker Ââ€" looks for values involved in an idea made. • Information Giver Ââ€" gives ideas based on ones personal experience. • Opinion Giver Ââ€" will do just that and submit their belief or opinion on an idea. • Elaborator Ââ€" will go in to more depth on a presented idea. • Coordinator Ââ€" works with others to pull ideas from others together. • Orienter Ââ€" wants to guild in the group in the direction that it was intended. • Evaluator Critic Ââ€" wants to evaluate the logic, facts, or the procedure of an idea. • Energizer Ââ€" will try and stimulate a groups ideas and activities. • Procedural Technician Ââ€" is the hands on person with getting the physical needs for the group accomplished. • Recorder Ââ€" writes or records thoughts and ideas. In a classroom environment I find myself leaning more towards the role of an Information Seeker and looking for someone playing Information Giver. Especially in a SPS classShow MoreRelatedThrough The Looking Glass : Article Review856 Words   |  4 Pagesself-evaluating the process of ethical decision making. This is a thought provoking article, which explains the ambiguous human perspective on ethical behavior. Although there are no specific studies associated with this article, it does however theorize that there are three specific observations, which best explain work related ethical behaviors. The scholarly article’s hypothesizes that human instincts, cultures, and polarizing pressures between social and individual responsibilities all affectRead MoreOrganizational Behavior Essay1086 Words   |  5 Pagesdefines organizational behavior. 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Health Care for Quality and Patient Safety- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHealth Care for Quality and Patient Safety. Answer: Introduction: The approach of the human factors in the system is critical in improving the patient safety and the health care quality. Patient safety is an important component of the policies related to the healthcare globally. The quality and the patient safety in the health care institutions act as an important feature that promotes the protection of the patients and in turn reduces the risk of the health issues and errors that may occur in the health organisations (Entwistle, 2007). The safety and the superiority both act primarily in the liberation of the health care. Efforts related to the quality improvement and risk management in the healthcare institutions are to rally following the safety of the patients and to find out the ways where to work together efficiently and effectively to ensure that the health care institutions deliver the care with high quality and safety with minimising the risks (Entwistle, 2007). The health care quality and safety related to the abilities of the human in manipulating the processes which are familiar with the human strength and weaknesses. In the present scenario of the health care, many of the factors are documented as of huge importance for the quality and the safe processes (Entwistle, 2007).. To restore such circumstances the health care organisations are purposely implementing the quality and safety, health care programmers which identifies the conditions of the patients and putting them in the jeopardy of damage and then to perform such act which helps in the prevention of the health care risk (Entwistle, 2007).. Human factors in Health care: Human Factors act as the major factor in the management of the processes and the system designs that in turn build the limitations and the capabilities of the human in the workplace (Buist, 2016). Human Factors in the health care are significant as the profession of caring is susceptible to high; UN monitored workloads indirectly and directly are connected with the role of the health care and practices. The initiatives of the Productive Workplace and patient safety are an important step that is forwarded in achieving the efficiencies and the subsequent pace is to erect an error free wisdom through managing the human factors (Buist, 2016).. The approach of the human factor helps in strengthening the security and the quality of the existing patient development, science contribution includes rational and the evidence approach for continuing safety, medical brilliance and superiority improvement (Buist, 2016). Human factors in the health care management help in understanding the reasons for which the employees in the health care are conducting the errors and also the particular system and factors that are threatening the safety of the patients. Such human factors in healthcare organsiations aslo help in improving the safety culture among the teams and the organisations; with this also enhancing and improving the teamwork and communication among the staff of the health care (Buist, 2016).. The human factor in health care organisations reduces and lessen human infirmity, and hence reducing the penalty and blunder in the organisations. The implementation of a such concepts system wide offers an opportunity in holding the cultural changes and authorising the position that endures safety and scientific vividness at its compassion (Buist, 2016).. Health care system is composed of certain huge set of the interacting systems emergency, paramedic, impatient care, ambulatory, and dwelling health care; testing imaging pharmacies and laboratories that are attached to insecurely associated but complicated network of individuals, procedures, teams, regulations, equipment, communications and devices that purpose with soft management in an uncertain environment (Nemeth et al., 2006). The Physicians in practices of the community may be tenuously linked that even they do not see themselves as the part of the care system. It is suggested by the WHO to use the human factors in helath care organisation appreciates the associations between the patients, staff and the human environment(Gluyas Hookham, 2016). The well developed human factor framework in an organisation will ease the functioning and helps the workforce in doing the things in an accurate way without committing the errors (Rich, 2008). For the safety outcomes, many of the factor s that affect the response and the process of the brain and personal performance are manifold and prohibited. Such human factor framework in health care also helps in identifying what is wrong with the prediction that what could go wrong and understand how certain tools lessen the likelihood of harms to the patients (Rich, 2008). The health care management in association with the visionary management, proper preparation, education and accessibility of the required resources with the effective organizations can result in developing the awareness which inturns prevents the incidents (Rich, 2008). The leadership and the treatment programmes with the pioneering training and meeting seminar will be helpful in achieving the maximum output levels. Impact of safety and risk management culture in health care The SRC Theory of Rasmussens (1997) of Skill, Rule, and Knowledge apply the human experience within the organization and refers the process to manage the information (Ford Short, 2008). The worker who is experienced relies more on the knowledge and results in committing violations as compared to the the beginner or the experienced worker, who mainly believe in the rules or the skill development and tend in committing the errors. The differentiation blurs when the system is dynamic and changes frequently and rapidly, making the experienced workers be vulnerable to the different types of the error (Hart Sweeney, 2006). The term human factors are consistent with the theory that includes the conspicuity, adaptation, and automatic behaviour, top?downs and bottom up task significance, cue generalising and retrospection bias. The Risk Management and the patient safety dependent mainly on the previous events and particularly virtual to a person, and circumstances such a as the state or a s upposition on which the strength or consequence of something else depends frequently competed at the appraisal table but contain considerably dissimilar implications (Hart Sweeney, 2006). In the way of enhancing the safety of the patient in an organisation, the Risk management authorities implement the excellence development program which aims in reducing the medicinal errors (Hart Sweeney, 2006). In addition, the clinical audits guide about the processes that prove to be helpful in offering the continuous programmes of the excellence and development of the programmes that help in the reduction of the errors in the health care (Gluyas Hookham, 2016). The quality and the safety of the patients in a great way depend upon the processes and the systems that are designed for the clinical support and care (Hart Sweeney, 2006). The risk management in the heath care organisation act as the tool in improving the quality of the care in the health care. Risk management also helps in analysing, monitoring and the treatment of the incidents or the errors that occur in the organisation. According to the Knox (2002), risk management in the health care institutions is more about the community design, enhancement and varying systems of occupation rather than being a simple function of the staff that is assigned to the simply staff or officers and is labelled as the risk management (Hart Sweeney, 2006). The integrating work of risk in the managerial and organizational culture and also made as an unambiguous step in the decision making process is significant to prospect flourishing management of corporate healthcare risk (Morrow Rogers, 2008). Organisational system and processes: The thinking of the organisational system does not come obviously to professional of the health care institutions. Whereas, the health care practitioners work together and are trained in such different disciplines, where, primarily focus is on the skills excellence and knowledge in diagnosing the ailments and the rendered care (Buist, 2016). In the chase of becoming the skilful and knowledgeable professionals in their individual disciplines, is one of the challenge that is faced by the medicinal, nursing and the other specialities of the health care. The very well known expression that is in the health care system related to the patient safety is that each and every of the system is designed in such a way to exactly achieve the results (Issel, 2014). The safety and the security of the patient is one of the challenge that is faced worldwide and requires the skills and information in the different areas which includes the human factors and system manufacturing (Issel, 2014). The demanding and the complex environment of the health care institutions for the health care practioners can be made simpler and understandable for delivering the care with accounting the broad range of the human factors that are concerned and in different ways impact the performance of the individuals (Slemon, Jenkins Bungay, 2017). The application of the human factors in the health care system results in the application of the scientific knowledge related to the human limitations and strengths for designing the system in the workplace environment for ensuring the satisfying and safe performance (Morrow Rogers, 2008). In the present split health care system, no entity or the single individual is in charge of the certain factors and seems to continuously interact and misaligned in such manner which in turn leads to the care that is substandard (Slemon, Jenkins Bungay, 2017). In the system, there are certain recognizable accidents which are being waiting to happen. The health care practitioners in their responsible role have to look after the care of the patients and are in the position not only to identify the issues related to the health care but also to rectify the identified issues. The health care staffs of the highly reliable organisations actively practices the tenets and is recognized, that workforce of the health care cannot speak to the issues of the system on their own but needs the support t of the managerial supervisors for rectification of the errors (Issel, 2014). Everybody who had the probable impact on safety and the care of the patient, no issue how remote the administrators, device manufacturers and the nurse managers need to be watchful of the mutually dependent organization factors which play a role in shaping (Issel, 2014). Devoid of the strong and clear nursing voice and a managerial climate with the aim of is favourable to truthfully addressing organization troubles, efforts to improve safety and quality of the health care fall short of the potential (Issel, 2014). Conclusion: The safety of the patient and providing the quality health care plays a significant role in the physical conditions of the health care system and assists in the concerns related to the health care. To keep the protection of the patients is an important issue. Healthcare institutions are becoming conscious of the changing managerial culture that improves the patient's safety (Issel, 2014). In the present scenario, both the human factors and the health care practitioners are undertaking further than their individual traditional boundaries, working in teams, and getting benefited with the sharing of fresh perspectives and experimental knowledge. For the health care and safety of the patients, the support of the leadership is required for aligning the safety of the patients, quality and the risk functions within the organisation. The human factors framework is responsible to evaluate certain roles periodically which are responsible for the risk and the safety of the patients in the healt h care organisations (Issel, 2014). References Buist, M. (2016). Patient-Centered Care: Just Ask a Thoughtful Question and Listen.The Joint Commission Journal On Quality And Patient Safety,42(6), 286-287. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1553-7250(16)42038-6 Entwistle, V. (2007). Differing perspectives on patient involvement in patient safety.Quality And Safety In Health Care,16(2), 82-83. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2006.020362 Ford, E., Short, J. (2008). The impact of health system membership on patient safety initiatives.Health Care Management Review,33(1), 13-20. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.hmr.0000304496.89684.7f Gluyas, H., Hookham, E. (2016). Human factors and the death of a child in hospital: a case review.Nursing Standard,30(31), 46-51. https://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.30.31.46.s45 Hart, J., Sweeney, G. (2006). Integrating Patient Safety Indicators into Patient Safety Programs.Journal For Healthcare Quality,28(6), 18-28. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1945-1474.2006.tb00640.x Issel, L. (2014). A culture of health and healthiest nation initiatives.Health Care Management Review,39(3), 185. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hmr.0000000000000030 Morrow, D., Rogers, W. (2008). Environmental Support: An Integrative Framework.Human Factors: The Journal Of The Human Factors And Ergonomics Society,50(4), 589-613. https://dx.doi.org/10.1518/001872008x312251 Nemeth, C., Cook, R., Donchin, Y., Dierks, M., Patterson, E., Bitan, Y. et al. (2006). Learning from Investigation: Experience with Understanding Healthcare Adverse Events.Proceedings Of The Human Factors And Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting,50(9), 914-917. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120605000911 Rich, S. (2008). How human factors lead to medical device adverse events.Nursing,38(6), 62-63. https://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nurse.0000320363.32444.d8 Slemon, A., Jenkins, E., Bungay, V. (2017). Safety in psychiatric inpatient care: The impact of risk management culture on mental health nursing practice.Nursing Inquiry,24(4), e12199. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nin.12199

The Securities and Commodities Authority (SCA)

Description of Company The securities and Commodities Authority, popularly known as SCA, was established following a presidential decree on January 2000 with the mandate to monitor and supervise the securities market in the United Arab Emirates.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Securities and Commodities Authority (SCA) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The authority was granted legal, financial, and administrative independence to enable it discharges its duties without any direct influence from government authorities. SCA mission is to ensure that investors’ interests are protected by ensuring that fair practices are embraced in the securities market. The authority has been working closely with the relevant stakeholders to ensure that United Arab Emirates capital market operates efficiently and that there is legal and investment awareness among all the relevant stakeholders. It is mandated to identify a nd eliminate any attempts by the stakeholders to engage in unfair practices that may lead to financial loss of investors (Lager 78). Since its formation, this authority has executed its mandate in an exceptional manner, always trying to ensure that fairness and professionalism is maintained in the securities and commodities market. Problem Statement and problem definition The primary mission of Securities and Commodities Authority is to protect the interests of the investors and to promote principles of fair and sound practices within the United Arab Emirates’ capital markets. To achieve this mission, the authority has been given the mandate to develop policies and supervise their implementation within the country’s legal framework. According to Terterov, the emerging trends in the market, especially the issue of digitization of the financial market has been a big challenge for this firm (97). Although the authority has done everything within its powers to digitize its system, it has been unable to manage the emerging trends brought about by the emerging technologies. Most of the security exchange authorities around the world, especially those in the developed nations, are already using digitized systems to regulate the capital market. However, SCA has been slow in shifting to a completely digitized system, partly because of the limited budget it receives from the federal budget. It will be necessary to address this problem in order to ensure that this authority can achieve its mandate in the most efficient manner. The issue about budgeting should be addressed so that the management can set aside enough funds that will be needed to help in the transition to a fully digitized system.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Proposed Solution: Value Proposition Securities and Commodities Authority has a very important mandate of monitoring and man aging the United Arab Emirates’ capital market. It means that this authority is at the centre of the country’s economic growth. The strategic role played by this body makes it very necessary to ensure that it operates efficiently not only to win the confidence of local and international investors, but also to ensure that unethical practices that may hurt the country’s economy is eliminated. In this section, the researcher will look at the process of identifying the problem, proposing an appropriate solution, and finding effective ways of implementing the proposed solution. Problem Observation According to Kellan, the first stage of improving efficiency of any organization is to find the possible areas of weakness (32). Problem observation refers to the process of identifying what the problem is that hinder the ability of the organization to achieve the set goals in the best way possible. At SCA, it was observed that the system is slow in processing various activ ities. Its accuracy was also compromised in some instances because of the overreliance on manual systems instead of having a digitized system. It was also evident that the authority has a large team of employees to undertake various tasks that can be simplified by the use of a digitized system. It was evident that the management had made some steps towards ensuring that its systems are automated. However, this was only at the initial stages of digitization because a number of tasks were still done manually. Problem Definition According to Hassan and Mahlknecht, after observing the problem, the next step is to define it in very clear terms that can facilitate its solution (67). The problem that SCA is faced with is its inability to digitize its system. The firm is still using labor-extensive process in its major operational activities. This approach of operation is slowing its operations and reducing its efficiency. This impairs its ability to execute its mandate as the regulator of the securities market in the United Arab Emirates. The management of this firm is aware of this issue and that is why attempts have been made to come out of this old system. However, it has been difficult to achieve success in the previous transition attempts. One of the issues that the management has raised is the limited budget that makes it almost impossible to undertake developmental projects. This has forced the management to continue using the labor-intensive strategy. Idea Generation After identifying and defining a problem that is affecting efficiency of a firm, the next important stage is idea generation. This involves coming up with a possible solution that can be used to address the problem. In this context, the idea must successfully enable this firm to go digital in its operations.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Securities and Commodities Authority (SCA) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Accordi ng to Vogel, many securities and commodities markets have embraced a digital approach in managing their operations (62). It is strongly suggested that this firm should embrace benchmarking as a way of solving this problem. This will involve identifying the best practices in similar firms, especially in the United States and parts of Europe. In benchmarking, Securities and Commodities Authority will try to align its operational strategies with that of other players which are more successful in their countries. Idea Synthesis The next step will involve synthesis of the idea in order to find a way in which it can be implemented. Once the desired benchmarks have been identified, the management will need to find a way in which it can fit into the local context. The management will need to involve a team of experts to help in understanding of the new concept. The expert will explain the idea to the relevant stakeholders and why it can help in addressing the challenges that this firm is fa cing. According to Kellan, when introducing new ideas, it is always common to find that most of the stakeholders do not understand it (71). For instance, if this organization picks on the best practices of similar firms in Europe, the relevant stakeholders will need to be informed about the intended change, how it will address the current problems, and ways through which it will be implemented without causing havoc in the normal operations of the organization. At this stage, all the stakeholders get to ask relevant questions that will make them understand the new concept better. In this case, they will need to understand why Securities and Commodities Authority is emulating practices common in the New York or London. Idea Evaluation When the new concept has been explained to the stakeholders, then idea evaluation will be the next important activity. Idea evaluation will involve assessing the practicality of the idea under the local environmental forces, and challenges that may be fa ced, including how such challenges will be managed. The idea of benchmarking may be very appropriate in enabling this firm to go digital. However, care must be taken to ensure that the borrowed system of operation fits into the local context in the United Arab Emirates in the best way possible. It will be necessary to ensure that all the relevant stakeholders are comfortable with the new system and that it meets their expectations in the best way possible. Sometimes it may be necessary to modify the borrowed system to make it work appropriately based on the local forces. The management of this authority will have to make wide consultations with the stakeholders during the evaluation process to ensure that all their concerns are put into consideration before the implementation stage.Advertising Looking for essay on public administration? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Solution Implementation The proposed solution, as discussed above, will be for this firm to emulate best practices of similar organizations that have been successful in other parts of the world. After the process of idea screening has been done successfully and all the stakeholders are convinced that the proposed solution will help solve the current problem, the next process will be implementation of the idea. The management will have to undertake the challenging task of convincing the government to award it an extra budget that will specifically be used in implementing this project. If necessary, SCA may need to hire specialists to help in the transition process. The process of implementation should be gradual to ensure that everyone is brought on board without any serious disruptions of the organization’s activities. Discussion Migration into a digital platform may be a simple process that may only need finances for the management of Securities and Commodities Authority to implement. However, the proposed solution goes beyond a simple move to the digital platform. It focuses on the need for this firm to embrace best practices as it goes into the digital platform. It emphasizes on monitoring strategies employed by similar organizations in the developed countries and borrowing from them when developing local strategies. The following are some of the issues that will be emphasized when implementing the proposed solution for this firm. Protection Securities and commodities exchange has a mandate to protect interest of the investors from unscrupulous traders who may want to take advantage of them unfairly. Protection in this context means that they system must be watertight in terms of identifying malpractices in the securities market. The stakeholders will expect the system to offer them more protection than what is offered by the current system. According to Hassan and Lewis, the New York Securities Exchange has the best case studies about unfair busines s practices that SCA should be able to detect after implementing the proposed solutions (45). The Lehman was once one of the best companies in the United States to work for and in terms of profitability. The management strategies of the firm thrilled many investors who trusted it with their money. When this firm started experiencing challenges, the top managers manipulated figures that misled the investors. They did not realize that the value of their investment was depreciating at unprecedented rates. When the truth emerged, most of them had lost over 95% of their investments. SCA must use its new system to protect investors from such malpractices. Value preposition The new system promises to offer superior value to all the stakeholders who rely on its services in one way or the other. First, the use of technology promises to speed up operations of this authority. Services will be delivered within a shorter period compared to what is happening with the current system. The new syste m also promises a greater efficiency in service delivery. The current system is too manual and this may compromise the quality delivered to various stakeholders. With the new system put in place, it will be possible to achieve maximum quality of services that are needed by various parties, including the government. The new system also promises the stakeholders easy access to information. Migration into the digital platform means that all the relevant stakeholders will be able to access data they need digitally. The long tiring queues that have been common at the offices of this authority shall be eliminated. Instead, the stakeholders will be offered opportunity to get these services easily in an online platform. Cases of fraud will also be minimized as much as possible. Team To achieve the intended success with the new system, it will be necessary for all the stakeholders to work as a team. Every team member has specific roles that they should undertake to achieve the intended succe ss. The government, as the sole sponsor of this authority, has the responsibility of approving the new system and fully funding it. The government stands to benefit if this new system becomes successful because cases of firms filing wrong returns to evade tax will be eliminated. Individual firms will need to participate in the evaluation and implementation of the new system to ensure that it works as per their expectations. The management of the firm and its entire team of employees are expected to be involved in the entire process of coming up with and implementing the solution. Sources of finance Securities and Commodities Authority is prohibited by law to engage in for-profit business ventures because this may bring a conflict of interest. It means that the only source of income for this authority is the federal government of the United Arab Emirates. Stakeholder analysis As explained in the section above, there are specific stakeholders who are interested in this new solution th at has been proposed for this firm. The federal government of the United Arab Emirates is the first stakeholder interested in the new system proposed for SCA. It is the sponsor of this firm and is keen on improving its efficiency in the market. Individuals and firms operating in the capital market are also important stakeholders who would want to see this authority operating efficiently in meeting their various needs. The entire workforce of this firm forms the third category of stakeholders who want to see this authority become efficient in service delivery. Works Cited Hassan, Kabir, and Mervyn Lewis. Handbook on Islam and Economic Life. London: McMillan, 2014. Print. Hassan, Kabir, and Michael Mahlknecht. Islamic Capital Markets: Products and Strategies. Chichester: Wiley, 2011. Print. Kellan, Moses. Integrating Idea Generation and Idea Evaluation in the Study of Group Creativity: Effects of Different Group Procedures on Brainstorming Effectiveness and Group Satisfaction. New Yor k: Springer, 2006. Print. Lager, Thomas. Managing Process Innovation: From Idea Generation to Implementation. London: Imperial College Press, 2010. Print. Terterov, Marat. Doing Business with the United Arab Emirates. London: GMB, 2006. Print. Vogel, Thomas. Breakthrough Thinking: A Guide to Creative Thinking and Idea Generation. Cincinnati: How Books, 2014. Print. This essay on The Securities and Commodities Authority (SCA) was written and submitted by user Mikaela Patrick to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

4 ways to manage your emotions as a nurse

4 ways to manage your emotions as a nurse Nurses face many professional challenges. Their jobs are both physically and mentally draining, and on top of working in extremely stressful, pressure-filled environments they have to deal with a seemingly never-ending array of competing priorities and demands on their time, a ton of diverse patient and colleague personalities, and often-grueling work schedules. With all of these intense challenges, is it any wonder that nurses sometimes find themselves struggling to manage their emotions in an effective and healthy way? If you’re a nurse who sometimes finds that the intense demands of the job make it difficult to manage your emotions effectively, you’re not alone. According to a survey conducted by the American Nurses Association, â€Å"Nurses face many hazards on the job†¦ Fatigue from overwork and stressful conditions strains RNs’ health.† Approximately 74% of nurse respondents reported that the effects of stress and overwork are among their primar y work concerns, which often leads to physical and emotional fatigue and burnout.Although some nurses can effectively channel their stress and perform their jobs at consistently high levels in nearly any situation, the reality is that others struggle with this on a daily basis- and many suffer- with the end result being an inability to manage their emotions.However- this doesn’t have to be the case!There are effective strategies for nurses to manage their emotions and maintain a grounded and healthy emotional state- both on the job and off. Nurse.org recently published an article highlighting key tips for nurses to stay emotionally healthy. Take advantage of the following tips to help you stay emotionally grounded and stable as you go about doing your job to the best of your ability.Find a supportive colleague.This bit of advice is valuable in all professions, but it’s especially important for nurses to find a friend on the job who they can turn to and trust when thing s get intense. Nurses, don’t discount the value of venting your feelings when you’re feeling frustrated or overwhelmed- it can be a great tool for getting a handle on your emotions on particularly stressful days.Find a safe space.Just as important as having a trusted colleague to turn to when you’re feeling emotionally overwhelmed is having a safe space to get away from the chaos for a few moments and let yourself deal with your emotions. It’s normal to feel all sorts of conflicting emotions- both good and bad- when working in the sort of high-stress environments that nurses typically find themselves- the key is to have a comfortable place where you can take a little time to breathe, relax, and collect yourself, and move on with your work day in a healthy and productive way.Know yourself.All nurses are unique individuals, with different likes, dislikes, motivators, and passions- as well as things that relax and ground them. Find the little things in life that relax you, whether it’s deep breathing, soft music, exercise, essential oils, meditation, yoga, or something completely different and unexpected, and be sure to incorporate them into your life in times of emotional volatility or stress to help keep things under control. Schedule it on your calendar if you have to- these individual self-care acts are important to your day, so force yourself to make the time for them. When that calendar alert goes off, it’s time to focus on your well-being.Talk to a professional.Although there are a wide variety of things you can try on your own in an effort to better manage your emotions as a nurse, the truth is that sometimes it isn’t enough- and a little extra help is needed. The Nurse.org article sums it up effectively: â€Å"Nursing can be intense. We have people’s lives in our hands every day. That is why being able to talk to someone about your emotions and get professional feedback is extremely beneficial†¦ Finding a provider is relatively easy. There are websites (www.psychologytoday.com) you can search by provider and then filter by specialty and insurance or you can go through your insurance’s website to get connected. This can help ensure you find the professional that’s right for you.†Being a nurse can be a stressful and challenging career- but that doesn’t mean it needs to derail your emotional stability. Use the strategies here to take control and manage your emotions effectively.

Application Essay on Leadership

Application Essay on Leadership The main reason why I am interested in your leadership program is because your program seems very exciting and interesting. Your university community also appears to be an interesting community of which I desire to be part of. However, I am mainly attracted to your university community because, based on its mission statement, your institution stresses the importance of leadership through the involvement of community service, something that I am also very passionate about. I have desired to be in a leadership position since I was young. I am not just interested in the authority and power that comes with leadership, but I am also very interested in being able to positively lead those under my authority so they can achieve their very best in whatever role is assigned to them. I deeply believe that your leadership training program has all the elements that will enable me to become a good and influential leader in my future endeavors. I also want to join your leadership program because I think that your institution has the right training that will not simply prepare me to be a good leader but also to be a great leader who stands out in many aspects. I want to be able to develop skills that will make me an interactive leader who will not simply issue instructions but will also listen to my followers in order to make the best informed decisions with regards to leadership. In this world, there will always be those people who lead and those who follow. I choose to lead. I believe that with education and training that I can acquire from your institution, I will be able to develop my leadership skills and become the best leader that I could ever be. Some of the leadership skills that I have and hope to develop even further with the education that I will acquire from your institution include: excellent communication skills; exceptional projection skills; a sense of empathy; and generally, the ability to inspire people. Furthermore, I endeavor to become an individual who many people respect. A quick examination of the courses that you offer in your leadership program indicates that your curriculum contains all the right components that will help me sharpen these vital skills and to develop others that will aid me in becoming an even better leader. One other aspect about your leadership program that attracts me to your institution is your emphasis on the importance for a leader to be able to think outside the box to find solutions to problems that others are afraid to tackle. I want to be the kind of leader whose leadership skills are helpful on regional, national, and international levels. Some application essay writing tips: Since one is required to provide reasons why an institution should consider admitting one into their program for leadership, one should first know what one wants and if the institution actually offers the kinds of training and mentorship that one expects to receive from the leadership program for which he or she is applying. In this sample application letter, the applicant first explains what of the kind of leader that he or she wants to become. The applicant should also briefly mentions the kind of skills that he or she hopes to develop through participating in the institution’s program. The applicant also confirms that the institution to where he is applying for the leadership program actually offers the relevant courses needed.

Hotel Paris Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hotel Paris - Case Study Example As the paper outlines, presentation of a new code of ethics and set of ethical guidelines is a big improvement in administering ethics among employees because they will govern their moral behavior in satisfying their guests. This improves teamwork hence high productivity because the employees must adhere to these guidelines and behave ethically. It also improves the employees’ commitment in work. In addition, it helps employees in situations of ethical dilemmas. They are able to consider both their interests and the hotels interest. This enables them to make an ethical decision based on fairness. In addition, this code of ethics improves the employer employee relationship. These set of guidelines helps the employees meet their obligations towards the organization, their coworkers, and customers. Moreover, the act of top executives of being the role model in exercising fairness, honesty, and justice in the company changes the employees’ attitudes. The top officials influ ence the employee’s ethical behaviors. If they make ethical decisions that are in accordance with the set of ethical guidelines and code of ethics, then the employees will follow the same. The top executives must be moral persons and moral leaders. Their ethical leadership determines the ethical behavior in the organization and this facilitates effectiveness in the company’s day-to-day operations. Moreover, the online training programs are efficient and effective in understanding the importance of ethical behavior in the company. The step of a transparent and honest selection and hiring process promotes fairness and reduces cases of corruption in the company. This means that the process only allows the qualified staff to get the job regardless of the race, color, tribe or status. The performance appraisal process is clear to avoid distributive injustice. The process clearly indicates who deserves it. This promotes fairness and avoids grievances.

Risk Profile for a Hotel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Risk Profile for a Hotel - Essay Example Basic step to embark upon this issue is to make an inventory of all possible reasons that are directly or indirectly influencing the performance of the business and then try to mitigate them. This essay mainly concentrates on a casino hotel -------------------- (name one hotel nearby your domicile); various risks involved with it and the ways adopted by management to overcome these issues. 1) Structural Risk: It includes risk associated with the firm itself. Security issue is one of the major parts of it. Guests must be secured enough from any sort of criminal activities inside the hotel. A single anti-peace incident may fall down its market. To overcome it to a great extend, casino has its own security employees. They take care of any such violence in the premises and also special weapon checking facility has been implemented. Next comes risk linked with cheating and theft. As it's related to gambling games so, cheating is obvious. Management needs to observe closely whether any of their customer or hotel itself is getting cheated or not. 2) Growth Risk: Risks arising from expected future performance is related to growth risk.

Achilles Essay Example for Free

Achilles Essay Achilles set the model or heroism in the western world. Do you think Odysseus is a better model? Why or why not? The two heroes have their different characteristics and contributions to the English Literature. They were known by their every heroism acts, honored with their people and envied by their enemies. Odysseus was portrayed as a hero by the Greek because of his many virtues and, considered as a villainous falsifier by the Romans. (http/www:wikipwedia. com). He portrayed inconstant characteristics as a hero. He’s known to be cunning and deceitful, tricky and wise. One of the most influential Greek Champions of the Trojan War, a friend of Achilles whom he had convinced to join with Menelaus (King of Spartan) troops in sailing through Troy, and retrieve Helen (mistress of the King) that was abducted by Paris of Troy. Though, he tried to avoid from coming since an oracle prophesized that he’ll be delayed long in returning home if he went, but Palamedes placed his son in front of the plough which forced him to go. He became one of the most trusted advisers and counselors. He helped and brought the battle to victory. Just before the war begun, he accompanied Menelaus and Palemedes in an attempt to negotiate Helen’s peaceful return. Menelaus made unpersuasive emotional arguments, but his arguments almost persuaded the Trojan court to hand her over. He was indeed a hero of the Greek because of his strength and intelligence, his irresistible approach towards negotiations of the land’s boundaries and properties. On the other hand, Achilles was too a Greek hero of the Trojan War, the central character and the greatest warrior of Homer’s lliad, which takes for its theme the Wrath of Achilles. (http/www: google. com). He was known as the quickest and the most handsome of the heroes assembled against Troy. His great relationship with his friend Patroclus, who wore his armor the time he’s slain by Hector. On the movie â€Å"Troy†, he became more of a hero when he turned back and join the war to save the woman he first held as a captive at the first time they conquered one of the places of Troy. He showed passionate love with the Troy Princess and tried to keep her when King Menelaus invaded and murdered the King of Troy. Though, he presented a hubristic personality, however, his soft side was revealed by the time he fell in love with the Princess, being a good and trusted friend of Patroclus also. Achilles was invulnerable on all his body except for his heel, and was killed in battle by an arrow to the heel. (The movie is very visible on this part. ) Both Odysseus and Achilles were great, intelligent and peerless warriors. They were also in love when they’re forced to join the war. The first saved his son from placing in front of the plough and the later being so brave that he fear no kings, lived according to his will and desire, and went to save his Princess from danger. And though, Achilles was killed during the war and Odysseus was trying to get his armor away from Agamemnon. For me, they are just fair of becoming great models to everyone. They are heroes and great models in their own way and right.

The Cannabis Debate Essay -- Weed Marijuana Legalization Medical Essay

The Cannabis Debate The Federal Government of the United States doesn't condone the use of marijuana and any schedule I drugs at the present time, which is any substance that has no current medical use and is a mind altering drug. Under new circumstances in California and Arizona, there is a temporary Bill that has been passed legalizing the schedule I drug for medical use, known as Act 215: Medical use limited to cancer patients and individuals with the disease glaucoma. Individuals that are of consequence are punishable by law and the severity level of punishment is increased from using, to growing, and intent to distribute. Controversy has erupted from the legalization of marijuana for its potential medical, industrial, economic, and environmental benefits. Many have taken government restrictions to new levels of ideological debate, such as reading in them as an attack on personal Freedom Amendment. With controversy and advanced technology, individuals can now voice their opinions is to find out why the subject matter of cannabis is on the internet. The purpose of my research is to find out why the subject matter of cannabis is on the internet. I will discuss why people are interested in the subject and the arguments that they present on the internet. My research will focus on the aspects of freedom of choice, legalization, medical aspects, industrial economic activity and usage among college students. The internet contains many web sites addressing the subject of drugs. The most prevalent and debated topic in the present time is cannabis, a green plant that has been around since the ancient Greeks. Early usage dates back as far as ancient China in a tea form to cure or tame wild children that were disobedient and trou... ...htm(5 March 1997). Green Panthers. "Green Panthers" http://www.greenpanthers.org/welcome.htm(20 March 1997). Mercury Center. "Harnessing Hemp: Environmental, Economic vision drives move to legalize industrial hemp"http://www.sjmercury.com/special/reprints/mari8.htm (27 March 1997). Heretik. "Heretik's Hemp page" http://freethought.tamu.edu/~heretik/(3 April 1997). High Times. "High Times" http://www.hightimes.com/ht/welcome.html (5 March 1997). "Marijuana as Medicine:A Plea for Reconsideration" http://www.calyx.net/~olsen/medical/lester.html (25 March 1997). "NORML"http://www.xs4all.nl/~mlap/norml/jun953.html(1 April 1997). Tom. "Tom's Views On Prohibition In America" http://www.televar.com/~thawkins/tomview.html (20 March 1997). "Washington State Marijuana/Hemp Legalization Initiative" http://www.hemp.net/hipws/intro.html (20 March 1997).

Psychology of lying Essay

In order for an individual to detect that a person is telling a lie, the person needs to understand the psychology of lying to know the reason behind the act. In fact, having knowledge on the psychology of lying can help you become more observant to the different signs of lying, as well as the mentality that comes with it. This is useful in order to avoid being put in a sense of doubt or under emotional stress when you are confronted with it. The psychology of lying can be a complicated concept because people lie for a different reasons, While some people lie in an attempt to avoid punishment or to avoid hurting someone else’s feelings, others lie out of impulse or because they want to present themselves as someone they are not. Lies are common. People studying the psychology of lying will soon find that telling lies does not automatically indicate any type of mental disorder. Even if there is an instance where a person tells a lie without first considering the reasoning behind it or the consequences resulting from the lie this is not considered a symptom of psychopathology. It would only be considered a symptom if the person does this often and it has negative effects on his or her life. Lying is not simple as telling the truth versus falsifying it. It is deeper than that, it is not always about distortion or nor disclosure of facts, it may well be about creating a whole new set of truths that only the liar knows of. It appears some lie for no reason at all while many lie with great reasoning, some lie for a cause, and many build a cause to lie. It is not always about the flip side of truth, sometimes, a lie stands on its own two feet: 1upon deep explanation, you will find that lying is a complex act, a complicated aspects of ones personality. 2it is more than a habit, almost a natural human trait. You can run from the truth You can hide from the truth You can deny the truth But, you cannot destroy the truth†¦ Sometimes knowing the truth may hurt even more, yet still, in the longer run, a lie causes more damage than truth. Chapter Two REVIEW THE LITERATURE Self-esteem is one of the biggest culprits in our lying ways. â€Å"We find that as soon as people feel that their self-esteem is threaten, they immediately begin to lie at higher levels.† Many lies are simply for the purpose of maintaining social contacts by avoiding insults or discords. Small lies that avoid conflict are probably the most common sort of lie†¦ and avoiding conflict is a top motivator for deception. The farther one’s true self is from their ideal self, the more likely they are to lie to boost themselves up, in others eye or their eyes†¦ or perhaps how they perceive others to perceive them. That is hard train of thought to follow, but lying is a complex phenomenon.—Robert Feldman (psychologist) A person’s first instinct is to serve his or her own self-interest. People are more likely to lie when they can justify such lies to themselves. When under time pressure, having to make decision that could yield financial reword would make people more likely to lie and when people are not under time pressure, they are unlikely to lie there is no opportunity to rationalize their behavior. – Shaul Shalvi (psychological scientists, university of Amsterdam) & Ori Eldar and Yoella Bereby-Meyer (university of the Negev Investigated)[TITLE: what factors influence dishonest behavior] To lie is to state something that one knows to be false or that one has not reasonably ascertained to be true with the intention that it be taken for the truth by oneself or someone else, then a lie is a lie big or small but since lie usually has consequences, people always want to differentiate between some of them. What the people (or court system) are actually trying to do is to weigh the effects of a lie by a liar on its victims the conceptions and outcomes of lying can be many but when a person finally make a choice to speak, write or present something knowingly to be false, that single piece there is a lie unless the liar is insane or incapable to understand what she or he is doing. – Stephanie Ericcson [TITLE: The way we lie] â€Å"Trustworthiness is a highly esteemed commodity, when one has it, one is considered valuable. When one has lost it, one may be considered worthless.† A lie is a false statement to a person or group made by another person who knows it is not the whole truth, intentionally. Lying is when a person doesn’t tell the truth. There are many reasons a person may tell a lie. Usually people lie to get themselves out of trouble. Some people actually have a disorder that makes them lie without realizing they are doing so. it is one of the most common wrong acts that we carry out. It’s an avoidable part of human nature so its worth spending time thinking about it. Most of people would say that lying is always wrong, except when there’s a good reason for it—which means that it’s not always wrong. Lying is giving some information while believing it to be untrue, intending to deceive by doing so.— People have reasons for not telling the truth. Whether it’s to not hurt someone’s feelings, or to not let a parent find something out, or to even make life’s harsh reality more bearable. There are dozens of reasons that someone out there thinks is a reason to not tell the truth. Even as I write this, I still wonder. Are the people that justify their reasons for not telling the truth actually hurting themselves? The oddest thing happens if you are constantly not telling the truth. Somewhere in there, you start to forget what truth is. If someone is constantly lying to everyone around them, how in the world can they go on telling the truth to themselves. Usually people don’t even know that they are doing it. After awhile, the  alter reality takes over and you won’t be able to tell the difference between a lie and the truth. So, in essence, you could say that one of the realities of not telling the truth is that you lose yourself, literally, but you may not even notice it. You would think that this phenomena would be something that would take a lot of big choices–large decisions to arrive at a point where you didn’t recognize the truth. Actually, it’s the opposite. It takes just one tiny step at a time to lose yourself somewhere in non-truths. —unknown( What Kinds of Reasons Are There for Not Telling the Truth?Is it Okay Not to Tell the Truth? ) Chapter Three RESEARCH PROBLEM To determine the causes of telling a lie, the consequences it takes, the types of lies they told, and the different kinds of liars that there is. Chapter four Design the Study a) Research design In order for an individual to detect that a person is telling a lie, the person needs to understand the psychology of lying to know the reason behind the act. In fact, having knowledge on the psychology of lying can help you become more observant to the different signs of lying, as well as the mentality that comes with it. This is useful in order to avoid being put in a sense of doubt or under emotional stress when you are confronted with it. Everybody lies, it may only be white lies but everyone tell lies or omits the truths sometimes we start lying at around age of four (4) or five () when children gain an awareness of the use and power of language. This first  lying is not malicious but rather to find out or test what can manipulated in a child’s environment. Eventually children begin to use lying to get out of trouble or get something they want. The person who seems to feel compelled to lie about both small and large stuff has a problem. We often call these folks pathological liars they lied to protect themselves, look good financially or socially to avoid punishment. Quite often the person who has been deceived knows that this type of liars has a certain extent deluded him or herself and is therefore to be someone pitied. A much more troubling group is those who lie a lot and knowingly for personal gain. These people may have a diagnosis called anti social personality disorder, also known as being a sociopath and often get into scrapes with the law. Lying often get worse with the passage of time when you get away with a lie it often impels you to continue your deceptions. Also liars often find themselves perpetrating more untruths to cover themselves. We hold different people to different standards when it comes to telling the truth we expect. For example, less honesty from politician than from scientists, we have a vision of purity about those who are doing research, while we imagine that politicians will at least shade the truth about themselves in order to get elected. There are many reasons why does a person tell a lie, but here are the major causes of why people choose to tell a lie: 1Fear, One of the reasons why a person tells a lie is because of the fear of possible consequences involved when telling the truth. This psychology of lying is quite prevalent in younger generations when they are hiding something sensitive from their friends and family members — opting to tell a lie rather than being punished for telling the truth. It is a sign of escape of possible punishment that comes with the act of telling the truth. 2Self-Image, improving their own image in the eyes of their friends and families is one of the reasons why people tell a lie. In order to uplift their social on par with others, a person would often create stories, usually on the spot, to make sure that the other party is kicked out of the limelight. This  psychology of lying is just a temporary rise on the social ladder, and will often be replaced with embarrassment when the truth comes out. 3Harming Others, Another purpose is to attack other people, indirectly, by telling a lie about them. In fact, this is often seen felt by prominent individuals in the society. In order to lower the status or career of this individual, a person will often create a lie that will put others into a state of doubt regarding their own beliefs and truths. To summarize, people may lie due to the fear of the consequences when they tell the truth, to boost their self-image inappropriately, or to deliberately harm others. Using the psychology of lying, you’ll be able to handle circumstances when people are not telling the truth. Lies might have been part of human life since language appeared. Although they are something people frown upon, they are not all vicious. According to the purpose to tell lies, they can be divided into three types: â€Å"the types of lies people tell†, Beneficial Lies. Usually means to help. They are told out of kindness and people benefit from them. They help avoid hurt, sadness, insult, and impersonality. For example, a peasant lied to the Nazi Army that no Jews were hiding in his place; parents lie to the children that their beloved grandpa is living happily in the heaven. These do cheat the listeners, but the liars ought to be praised instead of being criticized. Spiteful Lies. Mean to gain benefit and hurt people. They may come in the form of deceit or rumors. For example, lawyers lie on the court to help his criminal client to win the lawsuit; sellers lie to their customers to talk them into buying the fake and shoddy products. These liars just benefit from the lies and get reputation, profit or toleration. In comparison, rumors are more vicious. Liars make them to revenge or to pull their rivalries down. These happen a lot in politics, business, and entertainment world. A politician and his party make rumors that the rivalry involved in sexual scandals or corruptions; an enterprise tell the media that their competitors use forbidden additive to their products; a famous star expose to public that another star has a bastard raised somewhere. These lies are mean and should be condemned. Neutral Lies. Are meant nothing and much more simpler. When asked about private things, people may avoid answering the truth by telling a lie. This does no harm to both sides and is a protection to  privacy. White Lies. Is often called the least serious of all lies. People tell white lies claiming to be tactful or polite. It can create distance between you and others, and destroys your credibility. If there are lies are not mean to harm others, there are also lies that mean to hurt others and these are: 1Fabrication. Is telling others something you don’t know for sure is true. It is extremely hurtful because they lead rumors that can damage someone else’s reputation. Spreading rumors not only a lie but is also stealing another’s reputation. 2Bold-faced Lie. Telling something that everyone knows it’s a lie. Simple and sometimes cute for a little child to tell a bold-faced lie about not eating any cookies, even though there’s chocolate all over his face. As we get older, we try to be more clever with our cover-ups, some people never grow up and deal with their bold-faced lying even though others know what they’re saying is completely false. When people hear a bold-faced lie they are resentful that the liar would be so belittling of their time and intelligence. 3Exaggeration. Is enhancing a truth by adding lies to it. The person who exaggerates usually mixes truths and untruths to make themselves look impressive to others, an exaggerator can weave truth and lies together causing confusion even to the liar. After a while, the exaggerator begins to believe his or her exaggeration. 4Deception. Tries to create an impression that causes others to be misled by not telling all the facts or creating a false impression. It is a dangerous one because the liar intends to harm or disadvantage the victim for their own benefit. 6Plagiarism. Is both lying and stealing. It consists of copying someone else work and calling it your own. It is a very serious act, some college and graduate students have even been kicked out of school because of it. Lying is bad because it treats those who are lied to as a means to achieve the liar’s purpose, rather than as a valuable end in themselves. Many people think that it is wrong to treat people as means not ends. it makes it difficult for the person being lied to make a free and informed decision about the matter concerned. Lies lead people to base their decisions on false information. it cannot sensibly be made into a universal principle. Many people think that something should only be accepted as an ethical rule  if it can be applied in every case, it’s a basic moral wrong. Some things are fundamentally bad—lying is one of them. it’s something that good people don’t do. Good behavior displays the virtues found in good people. it corrupts the liar. Telling lies may become a habit and if a person regularly indulges in one form of wrong-doing they may well become more comfortable with wrong-doing in general. Some religious people argue lying is bad because it misuses the God-given gift of human communications. God gave humanity speech so that they could accurately share they’re thought—lying does the opposite. To make it short, lying is bad because language is essential to human societies and carries the obligation to use it truthfully. Some people are so expert at deception that it often takes a long time to find out that we have been lied to, the following are the example of different liars that we encounter in our everyday life: The Occasional Liar. These people seldom lie. But when they do they are blown away by their actions and feel guilty for what they have done. These types of people are the ones who are quick to seek forgiveness from the person their lied to. The occasional liar is not perfect but is usually respected for his/her strong attempt at being a truthful person and humble enough to admit their mistakes. Frequent Liars. The frequent liar goes about his/her life lying every which way. This person is not concerned about covering his tracts, or making sure his lie make sense. Everybody knows this person is lying because he is sloppy with his lies. This person has very few friends, because people get sick of his obviously twisted stories. The Smooth Liars. The smooth liar is just what their description sound like—this person has become very smooth and skilled at telling lies. There are those that say they can pick out a liar every time, but that’s not necessarily so when it comes to the smooth liars. This liars is so good with words and body language people tend to believe him even when they know he has a reputation of being a liar. Yet, all the time, the smooth liar knows he’s lying. These people are fun to be around, and very entertaining, but after being found out, the smooth liar tends to move on to others to whom he can apply his dark talents. The Compulsive Liar. This person lies when they don’t have to, even if telling the truth makes more sense than the lies they tell. These  people have an addiction to lying, and they simply cannot stop. They are out of control. They spend hours studying situations to come up with more lies that will allow them to maintain all their previous lies. These people are totally untrustworthy and end up unable to keep friends. A compulsive liars ends up lonely, sad person who tragically lies the most to their own self. The Pathological Liar. A pathological liars is a liars who believes the lies he/she is telling, he/she manages to convince him/herself they are true, in comparison to a compulsive liar who will lie for any reason, and knows they are lies but apparently can’t stop him/herself from dong so. There is no proof way to detect weather we are being misled or not but there are often clues you can see in behavior that should make you suspicious. Avoidance of Eye Contact. Usually someone makes eye contact at least half the time they are talking to you. If you notice them avoiding eye contact or looking down during a specific part of a conversation, they may well be lying. Change of Voice. A variation in pitch of voice or rate of speech can be a sign of lying so can lots of ummms and ahhhs†¦ Body Language. Turning your body away, covering your face or mouth, a lot of fidgeting of hands or legs can indicate deception. Contradicting Yourself. Making statements that just don’t hold together should make you suspicious. Lies obviously hurt the person who is lied to (most of the time), but they can also hurt the liar, and society in general. The person who is lied to suffers if they don’t find out because: (a) They are deprived of some control over their future because they can no longer make an informed choice about the issue concerned, (b) They are not fully informed about their possible courses of action, (c) They may make a decision that they would not otherwise have made, (d) They may suffer damages as a result of lie, (e) They doubt their own ability to assess truth and make decisions, (f) They feel badly treated—deceived and manipulated, and regarded as a person who doesn’t deserve the truth, (g) They become untrusting and uncertain and this too damages their ability to make free and informed choices and last and more worst, (h) They may seek revenge. The liar is also hurt because: (a) He has to remember the lies he’s told, (b) He must act in conformity with the lies, (c) He may have to tell more lies to avoid being found out, (d) He has to be wary of those he’s lied to, (e) His long-term credibility is at risk, (f) He will probably suffer harm if he’s found out, if he’s found out, people are more likely to lie to him, he’s less likely to believed in future, (g) His own view of integrity is damaged, (h) He may find it easier to lie again or to do other wrong. Those who tell â€Å"good lies† don’t generally suffer these consequences—although they may do so on some occasions. Society can also be hurt because: (a) The general level of truthfulness falls—other people may be encouraged to lie, (b) Lying may become a generally accepted practice in some quarters, (c) It becomes harder for people to trust each other or the institution of society, (d) Social cohesion is weakened, (e)Eventually no one is able to believe anyone else and society collapses. In some culture, lying is part of everyday life for most people (like in japan) and people are used to it and don’t expect to be told the truth (esp. about opinions and feelings) all the time. In other cultures (e.g. France), even a white lie is objectionable, as the truth is more important than â€Å"flattering† or avoiding shocking people. Some lies lead to someone’s death, the best example of this was the movie about â€Å"I know what you did last summer† it is the story of four friends who are being attacked by a killer, one year after covering up a car accidents in which they were involved. Most of the people choose to believe in lies because believing in lies make less thinking and sheep hate to think. They like others to think for them and lie is sweet and truth is bitter. Sometimes the truth strings and some people cant handle it so they choose to believe the lies that been told to them. Lying takes many forms, whether it is mere exaggeration or blatant untruths. It is the severity of the lies, the frequency of the lies and the reasoning behind the lies that points to a psychological problem. The capacity to lie is noted early and nearly universally in human development. Social psychology and developmental psychology are concerned with the theory of mind, which people employ to simulate another’s reaction to their story and determine if a lie will be believable. The most commonly cited milestone, what is known as Machiavellian intelligence, is at the age of about four and a half years, when children begin to be able to lie convincingly. Before this, they seem simply unable to comprehend why others don’t see the same view of events that they do — and seem to assume that there is only one point of view, which is their own. Those with Parkinson’s disease show difficulties in deceiving others, difficulties that link to prefrontal hypometabolism. This suggests a link between the capacity for dishonesty and integrity of prefrontal functioning. Pseudologia fantastica is a term applied by psychiatrists to the behaviour of habitual or compulsive lying. Mythomania is the condition where there is an excessive or abnormal propensity for lying and exaggerating. Young children learn from experience that stating an untruth can avoid punishment for misdeeds, before they develop the theory of mind necessary to understand why it works. In this stage of development, children will sometimes tell outrageous and unbelievable lies, because they lack the conceptual framework to judge whether a statement is believable, or even to understand the concept of believability When children first learn how lying works, they lack the moral understanding of when to refrain from doing it. It takes years of watching people tell lies, and the results of these lies, to develop a proper understanding. Propensity to lie varies greatly between children, some doing so habitually and others being habitually honest. Habits in this regard are likely to change in early adulthood. Lying takes longer than telling the truth. Or, â€Å"It does not require many words to speak the truth.† Researchers find that college students lie to their mothers in one out of two conversations. We’re not talking little white lies, here. We are talking about actually misleading someone, deliberately conveying a false impression. If your niece is very young and she lies, it may be a sign that she needs more attention from her parents or caregivers. Kids may resort to  lying when a new sibling is born or when parents seem distracted by their own problems. It could also be a signal that something is going on in school that needs remedying. It’s wise for a parent to ask a child what’s going on. It could be as simple a conversation as: â€Å"Tell me about some things that happen in your day that you like,† followed by, â€Å"Now tell me about things that happen to you that you don’t like.† That’s generally a good way for adults to get helpful information without making the child feel ashamed about her lying. If your niece is older and concocts fabulous stories, perhaps her work and other aspects of her life need to be more challenging. It may be that she feels overly constrained by rules and regulations or a situation that deprives her of stimulation and experience. Most people who lie are not entirely comfortable doing so. The conversations in which they lied were not as pleasant or intimate as truthful encounters. But the mental distress felt from being untruthful doesn’t last long†¦ b) Operationalized the Variables Lying & Deception –no, no, what I mean is†¦ the art of mendacity†¦ Lying. Tell a lie? Nah, you’d never do that–would you? Recent research on lying is showing that up to 60% of people lie, males doing so more than females by two to three times. People lie an average of 25 times a day, mostly to dodge trouble, make themselves look good, or to avoid discomfort to others. By about age 2.5-3 about 70% of children are capable of lying, and some can do it well. At age four, they will peek when told not to do so. Young children will lie about actions, but not about how they feel. By age 10 they are more sophisticated because they can pretend. As they get older, cheating becomes more common. In a self-test experiment in which they were asked to take a test but not look at the answers on the back of the page, 40% routinely cheated (60% if there was a reward for performance). 100% of those who cheated lied about doing so. In experiments at the University of Massachusetts, students were encouraged to introduced themselves to others. Over 60% lied about themselves (3 times every 10 minutes!), made up fictitious information to make themselves look better, yet there was no  benefit to the lie. Regarding detection of lying: FBI agents and judges actually no better than others at detecting a lie. Robert Feldman at the University of Massachusetts reports that most people aren’t aware of how often they mask the truth. His research shows that people â€Å"shade the truth† 1-6 times per hour in interactions. Gender differences show that women more often lie to protect others, while men lie to promote themselves (The truth about lying, 2001). c) Set up observation d) Write questionnaire What is lying? Why lying is wrong? What are the difference between a compulsive liar and pathological liar? What is hypometabolism, Pseudologia fantastica, and Mythomania? Why does people usually lie?  Is plagiarism can be considered a minor lies?  Why do most of the time people believed in a lie, Even they know that it is a lie? What should a parent do to encourage his/her children to tell the truth instead of lying? Is lying can be considered as a crime or an offence? What are the effects or consequences of telling a lie? And how to tell truth despite the consequences? Chapter Five The truth about lying (understanding the psychology of lying) Some people are so expert at deception that it often takes a long time to find out that we have been lied to. If you lie all the time even about unimportant things you are likely to have a problem that will eventually cause you real relationship, financial or legal troubles. Figuring out what is driving you to lie in the first place will help you heal this self-destructive behavior. This may mean going into treatment with a therapist to discover why you feel the need to deceive. Most of the people choose to believed in a lie because some lies are hard to take and just like what they say what you don’t know wont hurt you, some cannot handle the truth so they choose to believe what others say even though they know it themselves that it is not true. We hate liar or dislike liar because it’s a matter of trust, when person lies they have broken a bond—unspoken agreement to treat other as we would like to be treated serious deception often makes it impossible for us to trust another person again. Because the issue of truth is on the line, coming clean about the lies as soon as possible is the best way to mend fences. If the truth only comes out once it is forced, repair of trust is far less likely. For example, as a parent, the most important message you can send your children about lying is that you always want them to come clean with you no matter how big a whopper they have told, remind them that you would always rather hear the truth, no matter how bad it is than be deceive. There are many kinds of lies. Lying in court after taking an oath is called â€Å"perjury† and is usually treated as a crime or offence. At the other extremity, there are â€Å"white lies†, which give good feelings to another person (e.g. telling your friend that you like their new jacket, when in fact you hate it) Logically, white lies can be good because they avoid creating unnecessary trouble and make people happy. But on the other hand, when people find out about a lie (even a white lie), they may be even more hurt than if they were told the truth at first in a tactful way. Lies that create a serious trouble and can even lead to some people’s death or serious injuries, damages or lead to paranoia or depression. Imagine someone who is in love and the loved person tell him/her that they also love her/him, but after some time, when the first person is already deeply committed emotionally, they find out that their loved one really doesn’t care at all about them and he/she commit suicide. Or what a person selling his/her car and telling the buyer that everything is fine, when in fact he knows that the breaks are dysfunctional, and the buyer dies in an accident because of that? What about someone lying to their partner about their faithfulness and transmitting them a fatal STD by abusing their trust these lies are simple and pretty common examples of lies that can have tragic consequences. That is why lying can be considered as crime, even a white lie (like the first and last example in the above paragraph). What differentiate of crime from an offense, is that a crime harms people or create physical or psychological damages. An offense (like speeding, drunk, driving, etc.) means not respecting a law or rule, without causing any harm or damage to anybody else (if a person drives under the influence of alcohol and commits an accident, it becomes a crime) The problem with lies (esp. white lies) is that the harm is not direct and does not always happen afterwards (e.g. if the person doesn’t find out and nothing bad happens). But as it depends somewhat on the motivation of chance of the person who is lied to, to find out the truth, lying is always a potential crime (people can always find out if they try or just by chance). That is why any lies can considered as a crime, even if the harm has not yet been done, because it can still happen in the future. Of course, lying about how much you like your friends new clothes is a benign crime. Lying is very much like stealing in that it can be graded, from benign to extremely serious, stealing a blank sheet of paper from your company is not even punishable but stealing a Leonardo da Vinci in a Museum is quite another matter. Lying is the same, a small lie with little consequence is a pardonable crime, but it’s still a crime, like stealing. Lying causes anxiety, depression and physical illness. You constantly worry your lies will be revealed. Keeping your stories straight requires a lot of work. After you lie to someone, you may not like being around that person. Lies ruin friendship, work relationship and marriages. If someone catches you lying, he or she wont easily believes you again. Your status in that person’s eyes drops to zero. You lie because you are afraid of what might happen, if you tell the truth. You afraid you can’t handle the consequences, but then the lies become a problem and you suffer worse consequences. So instead of worrying about the consequences as your first priority. Tell the truth as your first priority and then deal with the consequences. There are some benefits that a person can get from telling a truth, (a) Because you tell the truth, you don’t have to remember what you said to whom. You wont accidentally contradict yourself, (b) You earn the reputation as an honest person, if you are a manager, your staff members tell each other, â€Å"our boss might be more honest about your work than you sometimes want to hear, but it’s better to know the truth †, (c) People follow your example and are more truthful to you, (d) Your stress level drops. You sleep better, eat better and look better, (e) You can look at yourself in the mirror. Lying causes self-criticism and depression. Honesty causes self-confidence and pride, (f) You’re more persuasive, To be persuasive, you need to be believable. To be believable, you must be truthful, (g) Most of all, you are trustworthy. When people can trust you, you earn their support. You need people’s support to reach your goals. In general, lying is not considered a good habit. But it is always depends on the situation and purpose of lying. If it is meant for achieving some superior objectives with some universal interest like universal peace or universal happiness, one can lie, But it is not suggested for anyone to tell a lie. A lie has three essential features: A lie communicates some information. The liar intends to deceive or mislead. The liar believes that what they are saying is not true. A lie doesn’t have to give false information. A lie doesn’t have to be told with a bad(malicious) intentions. Lying is bad because a generally truthful word is a good thing. Lying diminishes trust between human beings: if people generally didn’t tell the truth, life would become very difficult, as nobody could be trusted and nothing you heard or read could be trusted—you would have to find everything out for yourself. An untrusting world is also bad for liars—lying isn’t much use if everyone is doing it. Types of Liars A â€Å"Natural Liars† is someone who does have a conscience but is confident of their ability to deceive, and has been doing so since childhood. Often they learned to lie to their parents to avoid terrible punishments that would be handed out if they told the truth. Many natural liars capitalize on this ability as adults by becoming trial lawyers, salespeople, negotiators, actors, politicians and spies. An â€Å"Unnatural Liar† is a person who, as a child was convinced by his parents it was impossible for him to lie and that the parent and others would always detect it, These poor saps go through life telling everyone, insisting â€Å"I can never tell a lie† and causing anger and trouble among everyone they meet. Chapter Six Analyze the Data Lying is a skill that requires intelligence, intuition, emotional intelligence, quick-wittedness, and knowledge of what makes a lie generally believable or generally not believable. You can’t tell a lie if you start out looking untrustworthy. When you’re deceiving people you care about in a  way that would harm them, lying can be fatal. Lying has its share of problems, especially in the compulsive or pathological sense, but people also couldn’t exist entirely without it. Bad thing about lying is that it can affect your psychological well being if you lie most of the time. It can create a conflict between your super-ego (conscience) and ego (the reality principle). It creates tension, which makes you feel unpleasant. And in the end, you might have disorders or behavior problem due to constant lying, and lying will not solve any problem Lying is often a useful skill to have in the short-term. The problem is when you’re revealed to have a reputation for lying, and thus everyone will be less willing to help you with anything. Most of the time, people will believe anything, as long as it’s a logical, at least in their minds. But if you lie to absolutely everyone, someone’s going to call you on it, and everyone else you’ve ever spoken to is going to know about it. It can be disastrous for your reputation, including occupationally. Over a long-term, it is not so useful, and can get you in trouble in all areas of life. It should be used only when appropriate; as in, when you can get away with it without needing to think too hard about the lie itself. In situations where you have to defend your lie, it becomes more difficult, as well as risky. Lies doesn’t only hurt the one who’s been lied to but also the society and the liar itself. Lie have a different reasons, its either to hide something or are afraid to the consequences it would create. There are lies that comes even if it didn’t intended to. But there are also others who would lie to hurt others, these kinds of lying is not good to exercise and may consider as a crime. Avoidance of the eye contact can be considered as one of the proof that a person is lying. People who have psychological problems that result in perpetual lying can seek treatment with a competent behavior professional. Treatment may include  counseling, behavior modification or contracts between the patient and therapist that include negative consequences for lying and positive reinforcements when the patient consistently tells the truth. If you have trouble with a compulsion to lie despite efforts to stop, consider seeking out professional assistance from a specialist who has experience in helping people who cannot seem to stop lying. Lying is well researched in the field of psychology, and for this reason there is hope for people who have a problem with compulsively telling a lies for whatever reasons Chapter Seven Conclusion There are different reason why we lie, its either we didn’t have a choice because of the situation or because we cant face the consequences if we tell the truth. For example, if a person was saw the crime scene and he/she’s the only witness and the investigation found out that he/she was on the crime scene and they would interrogate him/her that person would choose to lie to be able to save her life and he/she was afraid that if he/she would tell the truth the criminals would chase him/her and eventually kill her/him. Sometimes we lie not because we are afraid at the consequences we would face if we tell the truth, sometime we didn’t lie for others, most of the time we lie to ourselves, we choose to tell a lie to others so they would not pity to us, sometimes we tell to them that we are happy even if we don’t really, sometimes we tell to them that we are ok and we will be ok even though we knew to ourselves that we’re not. We choose to lie to them because we love them, we don’t want them to worry for us anymore, telling a lie doesn’t always means we want to harm others, its not simple to tell a lie because you’re not only making that person believe you but you want to believe yourself that it is ok, sometimes lying is our only way to scape those scenario that we cant handle, it is our self-defense for us not to be hurt from those person who hurt us badly. Even there are different reason why we lie it is still consider as a sin and should not be exercise, we should always tell the truth and face the consequences it would take.